Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes are genetic components that enable microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, to resist the effects of antimicrobial agents, including antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals. These antimicrobial resistance genes could be naturally occurring or acquired through horizontal gene transfer, allowing these pathogens to survive treatments that would otherwise eliminate them. The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes is a significant public health concern, as it leads to infections that are harder to treat, require alternative or more potent drugs, and contributes to the growing global challenge of drug-resistant infections.