fMRI, also called Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, is a neuroimaging technique that allows scientists and physicians to observe brain activity. It works by detecting changes associated with blood flow, leveraging that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are closely linked. When an area of the brain is active, that area consumes more oxygen, and the blood flow to that region increases accordingly. fMRI captures this process by tracking these changes in brain blood flow and oxygenation that occur in response to its activity. This feature makes it possible to generate detailed maps of brain function, aiding in studying neurological and psychological conditions, disorders and even in mapping brain function for surgical planning. Unlike other forms of brain scanning, fMRI does not involve radiation and is non-invasive, making it a safer option for repeated studies.