Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs when the mitochondria, the cellular organelles responsible for producing energy, fail to function properly. This impairment can have widespread consequences, as mitochondria are crucial for generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction can disrupt energy production, reducing efficiency in energy-dependent processes and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cellular components. This mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in a variety of diseases, ranging from neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease to metabolic conditions like diabetes and obesity. It’s also a contributing factor in aging and has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. The causes of mitochondrial dysfunction can be genetic mutations, nutritional deficiency, environmental factors, or a combination. Understanding and addressing mitochondrial dysfunction is a growing area of research, with potential implications for treating and preventing a wide range of diseases.