mTOR (mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin) is a very important protein kinase that has a vital role in cell biology. It acts as a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and survival by integrating signals from nutrients, growth factors, and energy status. mTOR exists in two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, each with different substrates and functions. mTORC1 is well-known for its role in protein synthesis and autophagy regulation, responding primarily to nutrients and energy status. In contrast, mTORC2 is involved in the regulation of cell survival, metabolism, and cytoskeletal organization, and is more responsive to growth factors. Dysregulation of mTOR pathway signaling has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, making it a significant target for therapeutic intervention.