Nerve regeneration is a process where nerve fibers, or axons, attempt to repair themselves after injury. Unlike many other cells in the body, neurons have a limited ability to regenerate, making nerve damage often challenging to recover from fully. The process of regeneration depends on the extent and location of the injury. Peripheral nerves have a better capacity for regeneration than central nervous system nerves. When a peripheral nerve is damaged, the axon part separated from the neuron degenerates, a process known as Wallerian degeneration. Following this, the neuron can begin to regrow the axon, guided by Schwann cells (cells that form the myelin sheath around nerve fibers), creating a pathway for the axon to follow. Successful nerve regeneration results in restoring lost functions, but the process can be slow and is not always complete, often requiring supportive therapies like physical rehabilitation. Advances in medical research, including nerve grafting and neurotrophic factors, continue to improve the prospects for effective nerve regeneration.