Sleeping sickness is also known as African trypanosomiasis. Trypanosoma brucei causes sleeping sickness. Tsetse fly transmit it to humans. This disease is endemic in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, where tsetse flies are found. There are two types, caused by different subspecies Trypanosoma bruciei gamiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense causes chronic infection in West and Central Africa. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense causes more acute illness in East and Southern Africa. The disease typically progresses in two stages. Fist stage is characterized by fever, headaches, joint pains, and itching. In the second stage of the disease when parasites invade the central nervous system, it leads to severe neurological symptoms, including changes in behavior, confusion, sensory disturbances, poor coordination, and disturbed sleep patterns, hence the name “sleeping sickness.” If left untreated, the sleeping sickness can be fatal. Treatment varies depending on the disease’s stage and the parasite’s subspecies but includes several drugs, some of which can have severe side effects. Control measures focus on reducing tsetse flies’ population and screening at-risk populations.