Drug discovery is a complex and multifaceted process aimed at identifying compounds that can lead to developing new therapeutic drugs. This intricate journey begins with identifying potential targets, usually proteins or genes associated with a disease. Researchers then engage in hit identification, searching for molecules that can beneficially interact with the target. Potential drug candidates are identified and optimized through high-throughput screening, computational modeling, and biotechnological approaches. This optimization process involves refining the compound’s efficacy, bioavailability, and safety. Following these laboratory-based phases, promising candidates undergo preclinical testing in models and, if successful, advance to clinical trials in humans. The main drug discovery is to find safe and effective disease treatments, which requires years of research, significant investment, and collaboration across scientific disciplines.